University of Miami researchers announced in January 2026 that a revolutionary nasal spray that cools the brain after injury could soon help paramedics protect trauma victims before they reach the hospital. The technology uses “nanovanilloids” – microscopic particles derived from pepper-related compounds that activate the brain’s natural cooling system. When sprayed into the nose, these particles travel directly to the brain and trigger special receptors called TRPV1 [Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid1] that lower brain temperature by up to 3.6°C.

Brain cooling after injury reduces inflammation and cellular damage, with NIH-funded studies showing up to 87% reduction in brain damage from stroke. An “umbrella review” of studies, posted in the NLM PubMed in October 2025, is more nuanced: “Studies have shown controversial results regarding the effect of TH [therapeutic hypothermia]… Some of the important parameters that may affect the results are the age of TBI patients, the use of barbiturates, target TH temperature, rewarming rates, and method of cooling.”

Current treatment methods require hospital equipment and carry significant side effects, but studies have shown that the nanovanilloid spray works within minutes and targets only the brain, leaving body temperature stable. Published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, the breakthrough could transform emergency treatment for stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cardiac arrest. “These results mark one of the most important technological developments in therapeutic hypothermia over the past 30 years,” said Dr. W. Dalton Dietrich of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.